The livestock industry generates huge amounts of manures which contain significant nutrients, organics, heavy metals and pathogens. Applications of livestock manures to soil can recycle nutrients, increase soil organic matter, and improve soil physical conditions. On the other hand, hazardous materials such as heavy metals and pathogens potentially lead to environmental contamination. China is one of the largest producers of animal manures in the world, with an annual output of more than 1.9 billion tons. Among all the manures from livestock and poultry in China, swine, cattle, and chicken are the greatest outputs, and thus the main sources of animal wastes. What is Manure? Most farmers think animal dung is manure. Animal dung is not manure, it is just dung. And it is not advisable to apply it directly into your crops. Why? The dung will start decomposing, and the process will produce heat, which can damage the roots and kill your crops. The crops cannot acce
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