Before a farmer starts fish farming, there are several basic considerations to ensure success. These include: Pond design When deciding on the pond site and design, there are some factors to be considered. Some of these are: a) Source of water to fill the pond and how the same water will be brought to the pond : The general rule is that the pond water inflow and outflow should equal the pond volume over the period of a month. If the inflow is too low, water quality may suffer from oxygen depletion and/or accumulation of toxicants. If the water outflow is too high, large amounts of beneficial algae may be flushed out from the pond. The water should keep the pond full throughout the culture period. The pond should fill up in less than a week. Place screens on pond inlets and outlets to keep out predators, insects and unwanted fish and also to retain the cultured fish. b) Size, shape and depth of the pond : Relatively shallow ponds are productive. However, the shallow
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