What is the problem? Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global threat of increasing concern. It can occur naturally as all microbes can adapt to their surrounding environment. However, it is exacerbated by inappropriate and excessive use of antimicrobials in both human healthcare and the agriculture sector. Antimicrobials are used in terrestrial animal production practices to preserve animal and public health (e.g. to prevent and control zoonoses), but also as growth promoters at a sub-therapeutic level. The estimates of the total annual global consumption of antimicrobials in animal production vary considerably. This is due to poor surveillance and data collection in many countries, for example, only 42 countries in the world have a system to collect data on the use of antimicrobials in livestock...The estimated worldwide antimicrobial consumption in the livestock sector in 2010 was 63 151 tonnes. It cannot be ignored that two-thirds of the estimated future growth of us
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