Artificial insemination (A.I.) is a common method used to breed
cattle. The process involves taking semen collected from a bull and depositing
it in a cow. The primary advantage of A.I. is it allows breeders to select from
a larger population of sires, making superior genetics available to more than
just a few breeding operations. However, properly executing an A.I. program
requires specialized knowledge and additional time.
Overview of
A.I.
The artificial insemination process starts with the bull. Semen is
collected from the bull, extended with a diluent and prepared for storage, if
necessary. A veterinarian or A.I. technician then uses instruments to deposit
the semen into a cow in oestrus.
Pros of Artificial Insemination in Cattle
- It is the only form of
mating that allows efficient control of venereal diseases.
- It is the most economical
method of mating which can be applied. It eliminates purchase of expensive
bulls and maintenance costs and prevents possible losses of bulls.
- It is the most efficient
technique of cattle improvement. One bull can procreate 500 to 8000
progeny per annum while natural servicing provides a mere 30 to 40 progeny
per annum.
- Adequate progeny is
procreated for a reliable evaluation to be made of the breeding value of a
bull at a relatively young age.
- It necessitates accurate
record keeping and a high level of management, resulting in a high degree
of efficiency.
- Proven bulls are seldom
sold, and their frozen semen can be distributed world-wide.
- The semen of outstanding bulls
can be stored for years and thus used for subsequent breeding programmes.
Cons of
Artificial Insemination in Cattle
- Venereal diseases can be distributed rapidly as a
result of incorrect or negligent handling of A.I. because more cows are
involved.
- Undesirable characteristics
and heritable deficiencies are transferred to more progeny and,
- The possibility of inbreeding
is much greater than with natural servicing.
Considerations
When deciding between artificial insemination and natural service, cattle producers should consider whether it is an ideal fit for their operation. A.I. requires adequate working facilities and skilled labour. If there is not a veterinarian or A.I. technician in the area it may be cost-prohibitive to use artificial insemination. A breeder needs to figure out if the costs saved by not housing a breed bull are greater than the added costs associated with A.I. However, A.I. may offer an opportunity to greatly increase the herd's genetics that is not available through natural service.
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